高三英语会考知识点

2020-10-191940

高三英语会考知识点1

表强调：

still，indeed，ofcourse，afterall，aboveall，surely，certainly，undoubtedly，inanycase，anyway，infact，especially，obviously，clearly

表比较

like，unlike，similarly，inthesameway，equally，similarto

表对比

bycontrast，onthecontrary，while.，whereas，ontheotherhand，unlike，instead，but，differentfrom，however，otherwise，yet，theformer…thelatter，once…now，some…other，yearsago…today

表列举

foronething…andforanother，like

表举例

Forexample，forinstance，suchas，take…forexample，except[for]

表时间

Later，next，then，finally，atlast，eventually，meanwhile，fromnowon，fromthenon，atthesametime，forthetimebeing，intheend，immediately，inthemeantime，inthemeanwhile，recently，soon，nowandthen，during，nowadays，since，lately，afterwards，temporarily，earlier，now，afterawhile，when，while，before，after，until，assoonas，then，suddenly，inafewdays，inrecentyears，earlythismorning/year/century，allofsudden，themoment

表顺序

First，second，third，firstly，secondly，thirdly，tobeginwith，firstofall，inthefirstplace，last，finally，eventually，intheend，atlast，next，aboveall，firstandmostimportant，meanwhile

表解释

Inotherwords，infact，asamatteroffact，thatis，thatistosay，namely，

表递进

Whatismore，inaddition，and，alsobesides，too，moreover，furthermore，aswellas，aswell，again，additionally，whatisworse?

表让步

Although，though，eventhough，afterall，inspiteof，evenif，

表转折

However，ratherthen，insteadof，but，yet，ontheotherhand，unfortunately，despite

表原因

Forthisreason，for，nowthat，thanksto，assince，owingto，because，becauseof，dueto，

表结果

So，so/such…that，therefore，thus，asaresult，accordingly

表总结

Onthewhole，inconclusion，inaword，tosumup，inbrief，insummary，toconclude，tosummarize，inshort，ingeneral，generallyspeaking，aboveall，afterall

其他

Mostly，occasionally，naturally，mainly，exactly，commonly，forthispurpose，formostofus，inmanycases，inthiscase.

高三英语会考知识点2

主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。

例如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。

(1) It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is +形容词+从句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it is +不及物动词+从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

(4) it +过去分词+从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2) It is said ， (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。

例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It happens…， It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。

例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。

例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。

例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别。

What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不然。

例如：

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语。

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)

例如：

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what， whether (if) 引导的宾语从句

例如：

1) She did not know what had happened.

2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句

例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语。

例如：

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容词的宾语。

例如：

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

Anxious， aware， certain， confident， convinced， determined， glad， proud， surprised， worried， sorry， thankful， ashamed， disappointed， annoyed， pleased， hurt， satisfied， content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. It 可以作为形式宾语。

It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。

例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month..

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词。

这类动词有Allow， refuse， let， like， cause， force， admire， condemn， celebrate， dislike， love， help， take， forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。

例如：

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词。

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy， order， accuse， refuse， impress， forgive， blame， denounce， advise， congratulate等。

例如：

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为Think， consider， wuppose， believe， expect， fancy， guess， imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。

例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)

表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be， look， remain， seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。

例如：

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能。

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。

例如：

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置。

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。

例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分) 。

高三英语会考知识点3

一、重要单词用法例析

1. below prep. & adv. 在……下面，低于

Do not write below the line. 不要该横线下写字。

I live on the floor below. 我住在下一层。

2. concentrate vt. & vi. 集中于，专注

I tried my best to concentrate my thoughts on the problem. 我努力让自己集中思想在这个问题上。

3. meanwhile adv. 在此其间，与此同时

The train won’t leave for an hour. Meanwhile we can have lunch. 火车还有一个小时才开，其间我们可以吃中饭。

Tom was at home studying. Meanwhile, Jon was out playing. Tom在家学习，与时同时Jon外出玩耍。

搭配：in the meanwhile同时，在此期间

In the meanwhile I’ll visit an old friend of mine. 在这期间我将去拜访我的一位老朋友。

4. gifted adj. 有天分的; 有天赋的

He is a gifted musician. 他是天才音乐家。

5. seldom adv. 很少

There is seldom snow in Guangdong. 广东很少下雪。

He seldom goes out on Sundays, does he? 星期天他很少出去，对吗?

Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。

注意：(1)其后的反意疑问句用肯定式;(2)位于句首时，谓语用部分倒装。

6. occupation n. 职业;占用，占据

Teaching is me occupation. 教书是我的职业。

The old house is under my occupation. 这所旧宅现已为我所有。

辨析：occupation表示职业，较为正式，常用于表格;work工作，不可数名词;job职业，可数名词，可指单独一个任务，也可指工作职位;profession工作，是指需要特别技能/训练和高等教育的工作;trade是指手艺工。

7. eager adj. 渴望的，热切的

She is eager to go home. 她很想回家。

He is eager for a computer. 他渴望有台电脑。

辨析：be anxious to do sth 急于做……(强调着急)

8. acquire vt. 获得，取得

She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study. 她认真学习而精通英语。

9. deny vt. 不认，拒绝

He denied telling me. =He denied that he had told me. 他否认他告诉过我。

注意：后接动词作宾语时，只能用-ing形式。

10. employ vt. 雇用，使用

We employed a cook. 我们雇用了一个厨师。

How do you employ your spare time? 你是怎样利用你的空余时间的?

He is employed in watering the flowers. 他正忙于给花浇水。

11. cover vt. 盖，遍布，走，采访

The Red Army covered 500 kilometers one day. 红军一天要行走500公里。

All the papers like to cover the affairs of the famous persons. 很多报纸喜欢报道名人的韵事。

二、词组句型用法例析

1. accuse … of… 控告某人犯某罪

I accused Donny of stealing money. 我控告Donny偷盗。

2. so as to (do sth.) 为了……

We got up early so as to catch the first train. 我们早起以便坐上第一班车。

辨析：so as to…不能位于句首，此时可用in order to…

In order not to be late for school, we must get up early. 为了上学不迟到，我们须早起。

3. defend…against… 防卫……免受……

Our duty is to defend our country against the enemies. 我们的职责是保卫我们的国家免受敌人的侵袭。

4. have a nose for sth. 有探查或发现某事物的能力新课标第一网

That reporter has a nose for news. 那位记者对新闻特别敏感。

5. the same…as…./such…as…

He is such a kind man as all like. 他是个人人喜欢的善良的人。(as作like的宾语)

注：在定语从句中，先行词中包含有the same, such, so等时，要用as来引导;关系代词as在定语从句中作主语或宾语等。

比较：He is such a kind man that all like him. (that不作任何句子成分)

三、课文长句难句剖析

If the person being interviewed agrees, we sometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight.

剖析：being interviewed是现在分词的被动式做定语，修饰the person，相当于定语从句who is being interviewed;不定式短语to make sure that…作目的状语;句中的straight是副词，意为“直接地”。

译文：如果得到被采访人允许，我们有时使用小型录音机，保证我们能够直接记录下全部事实。

四、语法知识归纳

1. 全部倒装

就是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。全部倒装通常用于：

(1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首时

Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。

Here is your letter. 你的信。

(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首时

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。

Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。

注意：

①主语必须是名词，而不能是代词。

②谓语动词通常是be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。

③谓语动词的时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时。

2. 部分倒装

就是指将谓语的一部分如助动词、情态动动词或be移到主语前。如果句子的谓语中没有这类词，则在主语前加助动词do, does或did，谓语动词用原形。部分倒装用于：

(1)否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等位于句首时。

Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。

注意：①hardly…when…, no sooner…than…或not only….but also…中，都是前一句倒装，后句不倒;②not until…后接时间状语从句时，从句不倒，主句倒。

真题：(1)Not until I began to work______ how much time I had waited. (全国)

A didn’t I realize B did I realize C I didn’t realize D I realized

解析：not until…位于句首，主句主谓要用部分倒装，排除C和D;not until句型中不再用否定，故选B。

(3)so, neither, nor表示“也”或“也不”时

Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。

If you go to the park tomorrow, so will I. 如果你明天去公园，我也去。

He hasn’t gone there. Neither /Nor have you. 他没有去那里，你也没去。

注意：当so引出的句子是对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。如：

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。

—It’s raining hard. 雨下得真大。

—So it is.是呀。

(3)“only+状语”位于句首时

Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。

Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只有到那时我才意识到我错了。

Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。

注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。

(4)as引导让步从句时

必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。但需注意：

①句首名词不能带任何冠词。

②句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子，但很懂事了。

(5)其他部分倒装

①so…that…句型中的so +adj. /adv.位于句首时。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。

真题：So difficult ______ it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English well. (上海)

A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel

解析：so + adj.放在句首，用部分倒装，排除A和C;由determined可知用过去式，故选D。

②在某些表示祝愿的句型中。

May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。

③在虚拟条件句中有were, had, should等词时，可将if 省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前。