英文语法难题的应对技巧：英语语法公式

2019-06-024560

　　英文语法难题的应对技巧：英语语法公式

　　公式1

　　先行词+介词+关系代词+定语从句

　　● The house in which I used to live has becomea garden.我过去住的房子已经变成了一个花园。

　　公式2

　　先行词，+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定语从句非限制性

　　定语从句用逗号与主句分开，that不能引导非限制性定语从句,who一般不能替代whom。

　　● Between the two parts of the concert is aninterval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.音乐会的两部分中间有间歇，这时候，观众可以去买冰激凌。

　　公式3

　　(先行词，+)as引导的定语从句

　　● He made a long speech, as we expected.正如我们所预料的一样，他的演讲很长。

　　公式4

　　时间状语从句: 主句+when/while/as引导的时间状语从句

　　when/while/as意为“当……时候”。

　　● Mary made coffee while her guests werefinishing their meal.客人们快吃完饭的时候，玛丽煮了咖啡。

　　公式5

　　时间状语从句: 主句+as soonas/directly/immediately等引导的时间状语从句

　　引导词意为“一……就……”。

　　● I recognized her immediately I saw her.我一见到她，就认出了她。

　　公式6

　　时间状语从句: 主句+before/after引导的时间状语从句

　　● I went to bed after I finished my homework.做完作业后，我就上床睡觉了。

　　公式7

　　时间状语从句: 主句+since引导的时间状语从句

　　● Mary has been in Shanghai since she left Beijing.玛丽自从离开北京后就一直在上海。

　　公式8

　　时间状语从句: 主句+till/until引导的时间状语从句

　　● I will stay here until you come back.我会一直待在这里直到你回来。

　　公式9

　　原因状语从句：主句+because/as/since引导的原因状语从句

　　● As all the seats were full, he had to standup.由于所有的位子都满了，他只好站着。

　　because, since, as的区别

　　公式10

　　地点状语从句：主句+where/wherever引导的地点状语从句

　　● You cango wherever you like these days.这些天你可以去你想去的地方。

　　公式11

　　让步状语从句：疑问词-ever引导的让步状语从句

　　● To show our respect, we usually have to takeour gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.为了表示我们的尊重，不论要跟谁握手，我们通常都要摘掉手套。

　　公式12

　　引导让步状语从句时，疑问词-ever可与“no matter+疑问词”互换。

　　● Wherever/No matter where you go, I will bewith you.无论你去哪儿，我都和你一起。

　　公式13

　　让步状语从句：主句+(al)though/as/while/eventhough/even if引导的让步状语从句

　　● Tim is in good shape physically even thoughhe doesn’t get much exercise.即使不做太多锻炼，蒂姆还是保持了很好的体形。

　　公式14

　　条件状语从句：主句+if/unless/aslong as引导的条件状语从句

　　● Let’s go out for awalk unless you are too tired.如果你不是太累的话，我们出去散一会步吧。

　　公式15

　　条件状语从句：主句+so/such...+that+结果状语从句

　　● He worked so hard that he got ill.他工作那么努力，结果病倒了。

　　公式16

　　目的状语从句：主句+so that/inorder that/in case引导的目的状语从句

　　● I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up withme.为了能让你赶上我，我会慢慢跑。

　　公式17

　　比较状语从句：主句+than引导的比较状语从句

　　● The weather was worse than I had expected.天气比我预料的还要糟。

　　公式18

　　比较状语从句：主句+as引导的比较状语从句

　　● French is as familiar to him as English.他对法语就像对英语一样熟悉。

　　公式19

　　方式状语从句：主句+as引导的方式状语从句

　　as if/as though引导的方式状语从句

　　● You ought to do as Paul tells you.你应该按照保罗吩咐你的去做。

　　公式20

　　当as if引导的方式状语从句表示与事实相反的情况时，从句常用虚拟语气。

　　● She closed her eyes as though she was verytired.她闭上了眼睛，好像是很累了。

　　公式21

　　虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法：

　　If...did/were...， 主语+would/should/could/mightdo...表示与现在事实相反的假设。

　　从句用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。

　　● If you were the manager, we would not be sotired.如果你是经理，我们就不会这么累了。

　　公式22

　　If...had done...，主语+would/should/could/mighthave done...表示与过去事实相反的假设。

　　从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。

　　● If we had taken the other road, we might havearrived here in time for the meeting.如果我们走了另一条路的话，或许就能及时赶到这里开会了。(陕西)

　　公式23

　　If...did/were todo/should do...，主语+would/should/could/might do...表示与将来事实相反的假设。

　　从句谓语动词用过去式、“should+动词原形”或“wereto+动词原形”，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。

　　● If it were fine tomorrow, I would goshopping.如果明天天气好，我就去购物。

　　公式24

　　If...had done...， 主语+would do...

　　● If he had set out earlier, he would be homenow.如果他早点出发的话，他现在就已经到家了。

　　公式25

　　If...should do...， 主语+would have done...

　　● If she shouldleave, I would have heard about it.如果她要走，我早就应该听说了。

　　公式26

　　Should/Were/Had+(从句)主语+谓语

　　主句if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有should, were, had时，可将if省略，而将should, were, had提前，构成倒装。、

　　● Were I you(=If I were you), I would go.如果我是你，我就去。

　　公式27

　　With/Without/Butfor+名词，主语+虚拟语气形式的谓语...

　　句子的虚拟条件是通过词或短语如with， without， otherwise, but for等来表示的。

　　● Without the greenhouse effect, the earthwould be about thirty?three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果没有温室效应，地球的温度将比现在的温度低大约33摄氏度。

　　公式28

　　主句+as if+(从句)主语+did/had done...as if引导的从句

　　常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。

　　● She acted as if she had been the hostessyesterday.她昨天表现得就好像她是女主人似的。

　　公式29

　　主句+so that+(从句)主语+should/could/might do...

　　so that意为“为了”，它引导的从句表示目的。

　　● He took a taxi to the station so that heshould not miss the train.为了不错过火车，他乘出租车去火车站。

　　公式30

　　主句+lest+从句(主语+(should) do...)

　　lest意为“唯恐”，它引导的从句表示目的。

　　● They spoke in whispers lest they (should) be heard.他们低声说话，唯恐被别人听见。

　　公式31

　　...wish (that)+主语+did/had done/would do...

　　wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反;用过去将来时表示与将来事实相反。

　　● I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。

　　公式32

　　...suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主语+(should)do...

　　● I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建议我们立刻出发。

　　公式33

　　...would rather+主语+did/had done...

　　would rather后的从句用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。

　　● I would rather you hadn’t told him.我宁愿你没有告诉他。

　　公式34

　　It is+形容词/名词/过去分词+that+主语+(should)do...

　　● It is strange that the girl (should) be sorude.那个女孩那么无礼，这真奇怪。

　　公式35

　　...suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主语(+should)do...

　　在表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气。

　　● My suggestion is that we (should) get startedsoon.我的建议是我们应该尽快出发。

　　公式36

　　It is (high/about)time that+主语+did/should do...

　　● It is high time that you went to school.早就到了你该去上学的时间了。

　　公式37

　　if only+主语+did/had done...

　　用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。

　　● If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次机会就好了。

　　公式38

　　不可数名词/单数可数名词+单数谓语

　　● Still water runs deep.静水流深。

　　公式39

　　动名词/不定式/主语从句+单数谓语

　　● Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。

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